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Volume 14 Number 21
August 24, 2006
ISSN 1068-2341

The Eight-Year Study:
From Evaluative Research
to Demonstration Project, 1930–1940

Joseph Watras
University of Dayton

Citation: Watras, J. (2002). The Eight-Year Study: From Evaluative Research to a Demonstration Project, 1930–1940. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 14(21). Retrieved [date] from http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v14n21/.

Abstract

From 1932 to 1940, the Progressive Education Association (PEA) conducted its Eight-Year Study. At first, the study appeared to be a poorly funded comparison of two groups of students in secondary schools. During the last four years, as more financial support became available, the Eight-Year Study became a broadly based demonstration of a wide range of educational innovations. For contemporary educators, the story of the Eight-Year Study represents an opportunity to reconsider popular principles of program evaluation such as utilization-focused evaluation or program theory in evaluation. Rather than set plans in advance, the PEA members seemed to follow the ideas of John Dewey; they allowed the purposes to widen and broaden as the study evolved. In this way, the Eight-Year Study represented a model of democratic policy evaluation. Its tentative type of planning allowed people to set and to change their own purposes in line with the needs of the wider organization. Part of the reason that the study changed direction was it gathered more financial support and could add consultants who worked in distinct program elements. In addition, the lack of consistency matched the varied nature that characterized the founding members of the PEA. Its democratic framework may have enabled the Eight-Year Study to become the PEA’s abiding contribution to American education.
Keywords: democratic program evaluation; John Dewey; Progressive Era education.

El Estudio de Ocho Años: desde la investigación evaluativa hasta el proyecto de demostración, 1930-1940

Resumen

Durante el período de 1932 a 1940, la Asociación para la Educación Progresista (PEA, por sus siglas en inglés) llevó a cabo su Estudio de Ocho Años. Inicialmente, dicho estudio parecía ser un estudio comparado con escaso financiamiento, entre dos grupos de estudiantes de escuela secundaria. Sin embargo, durante los últimos cuatro años, tiempo durante el cual hubo más apoyo financiero, el Estudio de Ocho Años se convirtió en una amplia base de demostración de una variada gama de innovaciones educativas. Para los educadores contemporáneos, la historia del Estudio de Ocho Años representa una oportunidad para reconsiderar principios muy generalizados acerca de la evaluación de programas tales como, la “evaluación enfocada en la utilización”, o la “teoría de programas” en la evaluación. En vez de formular planes por adelantado, los miembros de la PEA siguieron las ideas de John Dewey; dejaron que los propósitos se ampliaran y se esparcieran a medida que el estudio evolucionaba. De este modo, el Estudio de Ocho Años representó un modelo de evaluación de políticas democrático. Su estilo tentativo de planificación le permitió a la gente poder establecer y cambiar sus propósitos en línea con las necesidades de toda la organización. Parte de los motivos por los cuales el estudió cambió de dirección fue que logró conseguir mayor apoyo financiero, pudiendo incorporar consultores quienes trabajaron en diferentes aspectos del programa. Además, la supuesta falta de consistencia concordaba con la naturaleza variada que caracterizaba a los miembros fundadores de la PEA. Su marco democrático pudo permitir que el Estudio de Ocho Años se convirtiera en la contribución perdurable que la PEA ha dado a la educación Americana.

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