 EPAA Vol. 15 No. 1 Cuban: Hugging the Middle Teaching in an Era of Testing and Accountability, 1980-2005
 
 
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Editor: Sherman Dorn
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Copyright is retained by the first or sole author, who grants right of first publication to the EDUCATION POLICY ANALYSIS ARCHIVES. EPAA is a publication of the Colleges of Education at Arizona State University and the University of South Florida. Articles published in EPAA are indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals.

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Volume 15 Number 1
January 23, 2007
ISSN 1068-2341

Hugging the Middle
Teaching in an Era of Testing and Accountability, 1980-2005

Larry Cuban
Stanford University

Citation: Cuban, L. (2007). Hugging the middle: Teaching in an era of testing and accountability. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 15(1). Retrieved [date] from http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v15n1/.

Abstract

In the last quarter-century and especially the last decade, testing and accountability have come to dominate education policy at the state and national levels. The common concern about the effects of such testing is that it reshapes teaching in the classroom. But such claims do not look at the evidence of deeper classroom structures (the mix of teacher-centered and student-centered practices) in historical context. This article extends historical research in How Teachers Taught (Cuban, 1993) to the present in three metropolitan school districts. While testing and accountability have become more obvious concerns of teachers, the hybridized classroom environment documented in How Teachers Taught have become more pervasive. This article documents this continuing ubiquity and addresses the apparent inconsistency between evidence of a hybridized classroom environment and the unintended consequences of testing and accountability.
Keywords: No Child Left Behind; classroom environment; teacher-centered instruction; student-centered instruction.

Abrazando el Centro: Enseñando en una era de Exámenes y de Responsabilidad Educativa, 1980-2005

Resumen
En el cuarto-siglo pasado y especialmente durante la década pasada, las exámenes y la noción de responsabilidad educative (accountability) han dominado las políticas educativas en los estados y a nivel nacional. Una preocupación frecuente es acerca de los efectos de los exámenes sobre la reestructuración de la enseñanza. Pero tales preocupaciones suelen no considerar la evidencia acerca de las estructuras profundas existentes en las aulas (la mezcla de prácticas centradas en los profesores y centradas en los estudiantes) en sus contextos históricos. Este artículo amplía la investigación histórica presentada en How Teachers Taught (Cuban, 1993 Como Enseñaban los Profesores) a la actualidad presente en tres distritos escolares metropolitanas. Mientras que los exámenes y la noción de responsabilidad educativa son las preocupaciones más obvias de los docentes, el ambiente híbrido de las salas de clase documentado en How Teachers Taught se ha hecho más intenso. Este artículo documenta esta linea de continuidad y discute la aparente inconsistencia entre la evidencia de un ambiente híbrido en las aulas y las consecuencias no-intencionales de los exámenes y la noción de responsabilidad educativa.
Palabras clave: Sin dejar un solo niño/a rezagado; contexto escolar; enseñanza centrada en los docentes; enseñanza centrada en los alumnos.

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some rights reservedReaders are free to copy, display, and distribute this abstract and the associated article, as long as the work is attributed to the author(s) and Education Policy Analysis Archives, it is distributed for non-commercial purposes only, and no alteration or transformation is made in the work. All other uses must be approved by the author(s) or EPAA. EPAA is published jointly by the Mary Lou Fulton College of Education at Arizona State University and the College of Education at the University of South Florida. Articles are indexed by H.W. Wilson & Co. Please contribute commentary at http://epaa.info/wordpress/ and send errata notes to Sherman Dorn (epaa-editor@shermandorn.com).

 

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