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Copyright is retained by the first or sole author, who grants right of first publication to the EDUCATION POLICY ANALYSIS ARCHIVES. EPAA is a publication of the Colleges of Education at Arizona State University and the University of South Florida. Articles published in EPAA are indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals.

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Volume 15 Number 13
June 25, 2007
ISSN 1068-2341

Bureaucratic Discretion and Alternative Teacher Certification: Understanding Program Variation in Missouri

Ethan B. Heinen
Central Connecticut State University

Jay Paredes Scribner
University of Missouri-Columbia

Citation: Heinen, E. B., & Scribner, J. P. (2007) Bureaucratic discretion and alternative teacher certification: understanding program variation in Missouri. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 15(13). Retrieved [date] from http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v15n13/.

Abstract

Alternative teacher certification literature has contributed significantly to our understanding of this approach to teacher preparation. However, this literature has more often than not treated alternative teacher certification programs (ATCPs) as a black box, thus ignoring program heterogeneity. The present study examines how and why five ATCPs in Missouri have evolved in different ways. To understand this variation and its potential significance for researchers and practitioners, we use political science literature on bureaucratic discretion to understand programs' varied responses within the same state policy context. Using a multiple case study design, we present two key findings. First, external factors such as the state's regulatory approach, programs' relationships with school districts, and programs' relationship with external partners shape program coordinators' perceptions of their discretionary authority. Second, within an environment of limited regulation, programs responded to these external factors in ways that shaped programs in dramatically different ways. These approaches ranged from formal partnerships with large urban school districts and philanthropic funders to alternative certification programs that were at least partially blended with existing undergraduate and post baccalaureate teacher preparation programs. In our discussion, we explore how state attempts to widen the discretionary space between the rules may have allowed external interests (e.g., school districts, and external funders) to backfill that space in ways that limit the potential for programs to provide high quality preparation experiences. This study explores these consequences and trade offs in order to inform policy makers and practitioners who are concerned with fostering innovative and creative ways to prepare high quality teachers.
Keywords: Teacher education; alternative certification; politics of education.

Discreción burocrática y certificaciones alternativas de maestros/as: Entendiendo la variación de programas en Missouri

Resumen
La literatura sobre certificaciones alternativas de docentes ha contribuido significativamente para nuestro entendimiento sobre este modelo de formación. Sin embargo, muy frecuentemente esa literatura ha tratado estos modelos como si fueran una caja negra, ignorando la heterogeneidad de los programas. Este estudio examina como y porque cinco programas de formación docente en el estado de Missouri desarrollaron variantes diferentes de certificación. Para entender esas variaciones y su potencial para la investigación, la práctica, así como para comprender las diferencias entre las respuestas de cada programa a una misma política estatal, utilizamos la literatura de las ciencias políticas sobre la discreción burocrática. Utilizando un diseño de estudios de casos múltiples, presentamos dos conclusiones relevantes. Primero, es que los factores externos, tales como el modelo de marco regulatorio del estado, las relaciones del programa de formación con los distritos escolares y las relaciones del programa con instituciones asociadas dan forma las percepciones de los coordinadores del programa acerca de la autoridad discrecional. Segundo, en un contexto de regulación limitada, los programas respondieron a los factores externos de maneras dramáticamente diferentes. Esas maneras variaron desde crear asociaciones formales con distritos escolares de gran tamaño y asociaciones filantrópicas hasta la fusión con programas de formación docente a nivel de licenciatura y de post-licenciatura. En nuestro análisis, discutimos como los esfuerzos del estado para expandir el espacio de discreción de las normas puede haber permitido que aquellos intereses externos (por ej. distritos escolares y financiadores externos ocupar espacios que limitan el potencial de los programas para proveer experiencias de formación de buena calidad. Este estudio explora las consecuencias, positivas y negativas para informar a quienes toman e implementan las decisiones políticas para estimular formas innovadoras y creativas en la formación de docentes.
Palabras clave:formación de docentes.; certificaciones alternativas; políticas educativas.

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some rights reservedReaders are free to copy, display, and distribute this abstract and the associated article, as long as the work is attributed to the author(s) and Education Policy Analysis Archives, it is distributed for non-commercial purposes only, and no alteration or transformation is made in the work. All other uses must be approved by the author(s) or EPAA. EPAA is published jointly by the Mary Lou Fulton College of Education at Arizona State University and the College of Education at the University of South Florida. Articles are indexed by H.W. Wilson & Co. Please contribute commentary at http://epaa.info/wordpress/ and send errata notes to Sherman Dorn (epaa-editor@shermandorn.com).

 

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