@article{Chang_Simpson_1997, title={The Circle of Learning: Individual and Group Processes}, volume={5}, url={https://epaa.asu.edu/index.php/epaa/article/view/608}, DOI={10.14507/epaa.v5n7.1997}, abstractNote={We present a paradigm for modeling the processes found in individual and group learning. Using combinations of two dimensions, the first being whether the learner’s activities are By-Oneself or With-Peers, and the second whether the process orientation is toward the Person as the focus of the learning or toward the Group as the focus, we derive four quadrants in Activity-Orientation learning space. These four quadrants represent: lectures, individual learning, concurrent learning, and collaborative learning. From these combinations of Activities versus Orientation, we can describe many characteristics of these different learning categories.}, journal={Education Policy Analysis Archives}, author={Chang, Ernest and Simpson, Don}, year={1997}, month={Feb.}, pages={7} }