Trajectory of the Student Financing Fund (Fies) policy under the Temer and Bolsonaro administrations (2016–2022)

Abstract

This paper presents the findings of a research study that analyzed the trajectory of the Student Financing Fund (Fies), a Brazilian public policy for financing private higher education, during the Temer and Bolsonaro administrations (2016–2022). Based on the theoretical framework of the policy cycle approach developed by Stephen Ball and collaborators, qualitative methodological procedures were employed, including document and content analysis of normative acts, statements from relevant actors, and the examination of statistical data. The findings indicate that, although Fies continued to operate, its offer was significantly reduced during the period. Changes occurred in both administrations: in the first, focusing on financial reorganization in 2016–2017; and in the second, on the renegotiation of beneficiaries’ debts in 2021. In the context of influence, conflicts among various actors were evident in their conceptions regarding the role of the State in higher education. Under Temer’s fiscal adjustment, there was some resistance to fully meeting the demands of the private sector, and greater public debate took place in the National Congress. Under Bolsonaro, the debt renegotiation approved during the pandemic showed convergence with private sector demands. Social movements, critical of the Fies policy, advocated for stronger regulation, as well as for the promotion of student assistance. Furthermore, it was noted that the representations incorporated new forms of political action, such as coalitions and movements to influence the agenda.